HOUSEHOLD MAINTENANCE

A point of view 1

A perspective

Andy Cox

A philosophy

The Happiness is the flower of life

Life lived in a compound rich.

Our humus of humanity for the coming

but as beneficiaries

Others, including us, or have disappeared.

Thus, death is defeated by the legacy of life

Although constantly in our common land

our interest in the death of one

apparently gives birth other.

– No reincarnation:

Only the other tells us that we disclose other —

from which we can choose the value.

Dark weeds that may exist between us

to abandon our mutuality and the leech,

since there are some that stand out

care beds in damage to the sterile soil.

It does not recognize the give and take.

However, it is our relationship that makes us free —

know what unites us free.

And when one day becomes the religion,

May then there is an ability to rejoice

whenever a button opens

2002

It's like this: During many years, my head is a stew pot a kind of intellectual whose ingredients have managed to maintain their separate identity, but have become a little damp in time. A touch of good wine has undoubtedly improved taste (in vino veritas, no doubt). And many a good argument supplied the spices, adding nuances creation. They say that the creation, but in reality, none of these new ingredients is: One or two of these ancient roots have existed since antiquity. What interests me, however, is their interaction the attractive possibility that they may, so to speak, are mutually reinforcing. Its integration the biggest thing, a worldview, if you will, is the thesis of this practice controversial. Five of the largest entities in this stew, which I intend to slice apart are:

• The analogy as a source knowledge of parasites.
• The idea that non-survivors have no identity or existence after death.
• Atheism
• The idea and ideal of money, no State, without World Intellectual Property in which everyone has free access to products of humanity and contribute according to their ability and inclination.

These, I say, to help the ingredients of sessions, namely:

• An ethic that forces you to improve the lives of others.

But before you start to spoon this is something I think we must say: Look, I think, is doomed to be a philosopher. No bar those without a thought abstract can not escape this fate. Under complete information internalized in the layers of knowledge that the spirit was a crowd, not a philosophical construct against the essence of its existence, whether recognized or not, this building has the shape of the hard anvil of critical thinking or is simply a string of traditional responses to the big questions of life. In other words, everyone has a worldview. In presenting my own, I ask just a philosophical system that seems to make sense for me. To be honest, I'm definitely not sure about this, bent in places and contains more than one rivet cheese. But it is consistent enough to satisfy my need to understand the world around me.

So here's a preview of this intellectual stew, I have no idea why we are here on earth or even why the land should be here first. Any suggestion that our existence and the universe is used for more than a couple of questions. What I think attracts people in this kind of thinking is a deep and almost reflexive tendency to think that an analog phenomenon is explained by the comparison and draw parallels with the other. It seems that in our ordinary life – when not to engage in philosophical discourse – sometimes implicitly informed by all sorts of crazy ideas, and truths that Be sure to consider us, which are extracted from the mud of our earthly existence, mainly through the mechanism of analogy. Our everyday world is the basis of that sojourn philosophical excursions. One could argue that the database itself occupies the field of philosophy. But the philosophical notions of our daily existence is implicit, but necessarily, and "out of mind": When we engage with ordinary rarely forced to philosophical reflection. Philosophy, in any case, competes with many other disciplines – psychology, biology and economics, among others – to our tendency to abstraction. I am not suggesting that analogical thinking is unemployed: What I mean is that if you scratch in many ways, it is assumed that the concepts have been installed in our minds, you can come through analogies do not withstand examination. Sometimes we are not even aware that the analogy is being developed, much less a fallacy is committed assuming analog so that the comparison reveals something of the case rather than simply suggest – the most graphic or scenic – how the phenomenon in question could be explained. Furthermore, in some cases, the analogy is patently false. Nothing illustrates better than some arguments to prove the existence of God. The argument design, for example, only order and beauty of the universe show that it must have been designed. Not only is the premise of this argument moot – the order and beauty not always clearly present and can be attributed more to the casual observer, but the conclusion is simply a non sequitur: It builds, of course, in an analogy implicit, for example, an architect of creating a beautiful artifact – an event that is believed to match in some way to serve as a macrocosmic side event, the creation of the universe. But,

(a) simply is not what is true in the situation of phosphorus – the engine is clearly made by someone – is valid in the macroscopic situation, when one faces an infinite universe. At most, one might permit the inference is made. But this requires a comparison between these situations, this is simply not the case: In the case of phosphorus, the architect is responsible for only a limited number of products in a world of countless objects, including other craftsmen. The God in the situation macroscopic assumptions are considered to have created alone.

(b) The analogy is therefore flawed for this reason, but also because the situation in the microcosm, the artisan manufactures the engine of the materials at hand, eg wood. God, however, is considered by the apologists religious to create the universe ex nihilo, from nothing.

For these reasons and others – such as the allocation of certain events in the order instead of evolutionary forces – The design argument is completely convincing. But it is important to note that this is essentially unwarranted conclusions on the basis of an analogy, and nature imperfect analogy, which undermine this argument. Moreover, as is the case with all the philosophical arguments, not a problem of what it means to be addressed even before the logic is the question: What exactly do we mean when we say that God created everything from nothing? I would suggest that the idea is incomprehensible, and that any attempt to clarify what is meant by this is probably dependent on analogies even more unjustified inferences, with more defects. Just string a series of words in a grammatical sentence, as in "God created everything", can create the illusion of meaning, grammatical meaning, but not generated a substitute for conceptual clarity. In any case, such is the nature of analogical thinking that permeates our language and reasoning. As expected, the characterizes a wide debate on the subject of feared death.

Death is personal: For us in the West, is something that can consume our inner life, as probably consumes the pods we call our body. Detre So much in life, a meeting point, a border every day. It suddenly concept through of powerful emotions: fear, anger, disgust, sadness, love. And it is something that develops in terms of analogies. He used his knowledge of analogical thinking in my references to our inner life and the shell: I mentioned the ghost in the machine. There could also be suggested that death is like sleep, the add the corollary that in the "sleep of death, the dreams of May" is a type of life that awaits us when we shed This Mortal Coil ". But on what basis I have come to this conclusion? The problem of the matter is that this belief is based mainly on analogy, and below it are mai deep-seated fear losing your ego, a fear which is particularly driven by the individualist ethic called advanced societies. I propose instead that in stride consider the alternative, ie not beyond. I would say that when we die, no heaven or hell to go, because they simply are not going to be. That being the case, we have no reason to fear death, because it has consequences for us beyond our total annihilation. I realize, of course, for someone like me, a product of Catholic education, mild anxiety pursues this building over death. But this does not undermine the argument. It is certainly preferable head and heart to compete, but as an elderly couple, these two powers do not always see it in the eye.

Despite the death deeply personal is a social phenomenon as well: On a small scale, no mourning, of course, that not only feel the loss, but whose lives are more or less subtle or changed significantly. These side effects beyond May. For example, a death in May loosen ties, or bringing people together, and this may influence the nature affiliations and interactions between the generations that follow. Macrocosmically also, death is something that every society faces. I mean here, say, the concern of several state bodies with signs of the disease and their consequences can have on government spending. I mean rather a form deeper in the company is taken over by the phenomenon of death: that death is something that is "culturally mediated. Without going into a debate about the nature of culture – Has been variously interpreted to include the symbolic and the society acquired as separate from nature as something separate from the social structure similar to ideology, or as a way to experience something – in the current context, this phrase refers to an enterprise resource that is used to give meaning to what is in a sense, a fact incomprehensible, and provide the ritual with the reinstatement order and banality. Death, especially when it's unexpected and dramatic, often in several forms, and has the potential to completely trivialize the construction, we know that society. We see this sometimes manifests itself in a phase of withdrawal and the detachment of someone who really died. And death, of course, takes a scope beyond the society. Thus, society must be said – through culture – the fight against the unsettling feeling of lacking a sense of life, goals and ambitions to be useless, and the rules do not apply, they can also could accompany the experience of mourning. This is something that actively address the socialization process, which is the way we live, in general, rather than how he deals with death, in particular, is the center care. As for the company, which is not needed is that people grow up believing that, as it is useless for life, which may well have what you want out of life and act as they please, regardless of the consequences. The whole society could not function as an aggregation of selfish nihilistic. In other words, hates the anomie of society, as nature abhors a vacuum. If one chose to speak of society in a sense reified as independent existence, one could say that if its members incorporating disagrees to some extent, a set of shared beliefs and values, the fabric of society disintegrates. Returning to the question of mourning, one might say that if, by reason of the death of someone close to them, people were left feeling that life was unimportant or that nothing was in it, then you might be able to perform adequately its social function, and this could have all sorts of effects on others, not only emotionally disturbing her. When a death occurs, people need feel that in a sense, "life goes on." The comfort and support provided by friends reinforces this message, subliminal and prints in the duel which still fall a network of other social beings. The familiar expression about the world that anyone would fall apart after death are often the experience of loss. When culture is done to keep this world together is mostly a particular culture component, which is responsible for this, and this compound is known as religion

Now, I not suggest that religion is necessarily in play only when someone dies. But that seems to happen most of the time, and in almost all societies. Religion is, by Of course, the main (but not exclusively), sponsor of the idea that somehow survive death. In addition, religion in general language also states that what happens after death is determined by how we behave in life. There is no doubt that in promoting these ideas, religion serves society and immunization of people against the anomic tendencies in the face of death. Their priests and preachers, mullahs and rabbis have officiated at rituals centuries of death and comfort the afflicted by promises of paradise. However, it is much more than the relationship between religion and society than this: First, in most cases the first is generally used to facilitate overall compliance with most standards of society by promoting ethics agenda, the bottom line which – at least in Abrahamaic religions – that is, if you're good you go to heaven and if you're bad, you're going to hell. On the other hand, religion and state are institutionally immersed in various forms in most countries, in theocracies, are virtually indistinguishable. In the West, religion, retired to May without portfolio but he manages to sneak in varying degrees in political life, sometimes in a moderate way. Even in states openly atheist, a kind of quasi-religion fills the gap with absurdities of Kim Jong-il of North Korea, assuming a god-like state. Thus religion has played a role in the addition of a sacred aspect secular business of running the state. It is also hard to deny that for many, many people, religion is a balm, a comfort, an "opium" and as such, takes a little pressure on the state, which otherwise would have faced with unmanageable levels of social unrest. In fact, one of the ironies of modern history is often mentioned in the atheist state, former or non-existent, where comfort has been perhaps the most sought after by a fungus religion flourished more conventional in the shade. Why religion is an opiate is not hard to see: When life is dark, inexorably, like the vast majority of people around the world, and denies them social or political influence to effect change in their situation, then it is logical that these people can take comfort at least after death, there is no action to correct some errors. Psychologically, too, that thought also deals with poor self-esteem that often accompanies poverty, a parent or otherwise, is harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven than for a camel through the eye of a needle probably most religious trends in a poor neighborhood filled. And promote a stance of another world religion can have a debilitating effect on political activity, especially in conservative societies where religion and state work closely together.

However, religion and its relationship to society are changing all the time: In some parts of the world, religion is declining in other areas, is reborn. Moreover, its function is sometimes comforting contrary to a trend of politicization, as evidenced by the liberation theology in Latin America or the activities of various Islamic movements. However, other economic and social developments, of course, obscure the image page if a Sunday supplement, and the possibility of reaching through the odd photo of poor people in some third world countries huddled beneath a poster advertising the desire for luxury items, an image that symbolizes something that is becoming increasingly clear is that today more visible than ever, material wealth is encouraged while being out of reach of many years. Materialism has become a kind quasi-religion, is also an Episcopal priest being those of style gurus whose parishioners are suspicious readers of glossy paper and more fundamentalist ministers enamel eyes of employers chanting the mantra "Greed is good". In addition, the gospel of the market – the relentless advertising – now entering the sanctuary of the house more deeply than ever, learning the subtle spirit of each generation in television and other media. Therefore, expectations are increasing, and when they are angry, the results of anger. That anger may find expression in a variety of forms, from simple self-incrimination, looking at the various types of political action, national liberation struggles, terrorism, trade union activities and events, just to name a few. And in some cases feeds in political activity by religious groups; out my reference to liberation theology and Islamic movements. Still, religious dissent in this case has kept its benchmark index from another world. In fact there are more than a few religious groups want to impose on the agenda of this world a little vengeful "in this world, by force or bloody media use.

But of course there is a major flaw philosophical religion affects their credibility, which is – as already been suggested – based on false analogies. One wonders if religion can still survive a refutation of this argument convincing analogue. Do not think I can. To me, these analogies are central to any religious excuse. This reasoning must be used in all the shows of the poverty of these excuses. You do not display analogical thinking to prove the existence of tables and chairs (I fear for the physical security of the philosophers skeptical of such things), trying to demonstrate the existence of an alleged entity that otherwise can not be convincingly demonstrated to exist. Moreover, what is invisible can not be seen through or reference, what we see. Of course there are other categories of evidence from those who want to prove that God exists. But I think the analogical argument is crucial because in the absence of direct empirical evidence of its existence, the analogy "report" of the background image we have of God. Whether seen as first with a robe and beard flowing, an uber powerful warrior brandishing an ax, a giant bird, or a power nebula, God has been described by comparing it with observable phenomena. Ultimately, the deployment analogy. And since the analogy is not proof, while deck of cards that is the religion collapses, and a map outlining the religious principle of the afterlife. When begins to dawn on people, then, of course, the contribution of religion to social order begins to decline. There are other problems with religion as well; many of them are psychological rather than philosophical. Take, for example, individuals and somewhat hypocritical religions to express the attitude "sins of the flesh": While it may be that they are concerned more with less sense related to feelings such as joy and despair, ultimately, religions implicitly recognize the hedonistic principle that human beings are driven by the need to seek pleasure and avoid pain. (That's what I would consider as an accessory to the deeper needs that drive us: the desire for happiness). The ends of these experiments, after all, are supposed to be granted by the sky and hell, respectively. Even if one argues that this mood or plans of existence "rather than physical places, heaven and hell appear to be that conditions are imposed on people, that people react to bear comparison with responses to pleasant and painful stimuli. However, no all is well with Puritan disapproval shown by most religions – especially the tradition Abrahamaic – any screen in a statement sexual life outside the strict limits social. Therefore, there are some Muslim fundamentalists who demand only the whip, or even the ball for women transgress the rigid mores of their societies. In the same breath, that wax poetic about the prospect of eternal paradise orgiastic heat in the company of seventy-two virgins where innocent people lose their lives trying to connect in a sordid market in the Middle East or in the streets of a western town in anonymity. (More recently, Iraq has been unconfirmed reports – the bastion of the West, sponsored by freedom, that religious militias have taken to paste the anus lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and then give them a drink that causes diarrhea, which causes a horrible death). Despite these acts of barbarism can not be compatible with the Koran – a bit hypocritical, religious minds people do not tend to be too bound by their sacred books – and mainly because of outdated business in which it occurs, the view is still to inform Muslims ordinary religious and would do well to consider this help give these fans upset (not long ago, for example, we witnessed the Karzai regime in Afghanistan to introduce legislation effectively legitimizing the marital rape to appease the conservatives in this country in darkness). Christianity is no less hypocritical. Witnessing the spectacle of millionaire preachers in Biblebelt YOUR surrounded by business leaders and spouses to dress, spitting fire hell and damnation have nothing to do with their pants down, was pleased by some young Congregational sense. Or take a look at all these Catholic priests unhappy with the furtive desire for children in the choir, singing their sermons about the evils of masturbation fatal. The religion forbids most shouts more sordid claims are crimes that inevitably follow. However, not only in sexual matters that religion throws support Pall Angst everything. In all kinds of ways, the religion, I would say is a kind of neurosis that hangs over the human soul. In truth, the "sigh of the oppressed creature", as Marx put it so eloquently. It engenders a feeling of anguish, some hesitation, to live his life fully and without reservation. One could even interpret the story, the Garden of Eden in which God forbids Adam and Eve eat the fruit as an apple sort of parable urging people against the leniency and moderation exalting in its place. No wonder that the increase of consumerism in Western societies since the war has closely followed the decline in religious practice.

I argued that, somehow claiming We can survive death and that how we live our lives that determines what the "Afterlife" is to be the religion of a service company that provides answers prefabricated on the meaning of life and reinforces socially acceptable behavior. However, this contribution can not be a necessary condition to ensure that people do not adopt lifestyles deviant or anti-social. Because, in truth, many people who reject the notion of a beyond still manage to stay on the right side of law. Many people are atheists, and though the two concepts are not equivalent in terms of a concept, and atheism Survivalism not seem to go hand in hand (Interestingly, the two opposing positions that are deeply informed by analogical thinking. Moreover, the corresponding concepts against the opponents, namely, belief in an afterlife and God, are also associated with: What is the point of believing in a God that lies beyond? I should also add that although the religion and atheism are opposed to it, one thing they agree is that man is under cereals against incredibly powerful force. For atheists, this force is the cosmos, and most atheists have a deep admiration for the ability to consider the fact that humanity could disappear in an instant, was a catastrophe We are cosmic one that supposedly occurred there billions of years when the Earth and the planet is reaching Tea collided – the creation of the moon and therefore propitiously conditions conducive to life. Believers can not cope with the import of that nihilistic possibility, preferring to place their hopes in a benevolent God and the blessed afterlife, the anthropomorphic projection of a fantasy – "God created everything in seven days – in the broad canvas of the universe indifferent). So something else must take into account the fact that this large group of non-atheists and survivors usually lead normal lives in ordinary legislation. The truth, nothing special, of course, is that, like all others, those who have these positions through a socialization process as they grow, leading to their internalization norms and values of the society they live. There is no religious justification for those norms and values is always "on board", or occurs later in life – but Needless to say, some not so-called survival May Atheists and unconsciously knows some notion of the afterlife, as is so deeply ingrained in popular culture and May by a process of osmosis Culture come to find a niche in the most rational minds. Some, of course, he may retain religious baggage of childhood. Despite Thus, there is always tempted to argue that – owing to its adherence to social norms and values is not compatible with a powerful irrationality – those fleeing the concept essentially a religious afterlife have a slightly different relationship to society. Consider, for example, the probability that, because society has no sanctity for them, atheists and their ilk are not likely to be considered a chosen people and may be more willing to humanist and inclusive attitudes in relation in relation to other social groups. It may also be a coincidence that since the dawn of capitalism, much of the most radical have been atheists or agnostics. Certainly I was surprised to learn of the excellent book by Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion ', that many if not most, of the founding fathers of the American republic were atheists and / or secular. Secularism, or the belief that religion or religious institutions should play no role in the governance of society, has often lagged behind blooded atheism. It owes much to the overcoming of feudalism – in which religion plays an important role and explicit – by capitalism. This trend is accompanied an increase of a partitioning of society, and the secularists simply insisted that religion be confined to the compartment marked "Religion". Secularism does not necessarily imply a rejection of religion.

Naturally, this raises a question: given that society has changed and therefore its complex relationship with religion has also changed, is not possible to have a society that does not rely on religion to strengthen its ideological structure, which could easily pass both atheists and views not only of survival because it is based on God's wrath or the prospect of eternal damnation in which the conflicts and tensions inherent Today's society no longer existed. I think it is, and this brings me to the third ingredient in my intellectual stew.

The idea, often hilarious dismissed as utopian, a society based on common ownership, has an ancient history: Sir Thomas More coined the word Utopia, in his book published in 1516, representing partial (as he intends to draw attention to the ills of his own company) life in a mythical island to the south of Ecuador, where private property does not exist. But elements of utopian thought, goes back long before Plato and others, and the idea of an ideal republic has found expression in fiction many writers, Bacon, Campanella and Harrington, Morris, Hertzka and Wells. The idea and ideal of common ownership has also specifically informed of the actual events history – as evidenced by the Diggers in England, 17c, or the various experiences in building the local community, such as Robert Owen. Moreover – and this is often overlooked – mostly the existence of mankind, the company has managed to escape, without private property, the bar of the odd skirt ornament or ax stone for personal use. Marx argues that human beings lived in a state of primitive communism years before the arrival of classical antiquity companies where production became largely the property of slave labor.

My concern, however, progress is communism. If ever an idea was "arrived" and deserves serious attention is that, especially now that humanity is in a deep abyss organic to global capitalism, by omission or commission, can legitimately be blamed. How then start throwing that term? Perhaps we should look first to what is proposed: In a word, advanced communist society operating worldwide under the maximum age Marxist, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." As such, it resembles existing claims and left state "capitalist states" cynical and ridiculous to be "communist" or "socialist". This is a democracy in the true sense, and is based on a majority the choice to have – certainly not imposed by the revolutionary vanguard. States and geographic boundaries of their administrative operations – national borders – no longer exist. Freedom of expression is completely free, and the only socially sanctioned limits on the behavior are clearly designed to discourage actions harm others. No longer confined by the need to make a profit, the production is based on the need and rational enough: The processes that might have deleterious effects on the environment or pose unacceptable risks, for example, would not be considered, and would do everything possible to ensure security that alternatives were used instead. The people producing goods and services and how they wish. That is, the work would be both voluntary and cooperative – There would be no competition between workers, businesses and countries. And people have free access to the fruits of human labor. In other words, money or barter does not play a paper: If people need something, they will join their local distribution facilities and take in hand without something in return. Sophisticated inventory controls should ensure that the needs were anticipated as far as possible, marking failures. The production of articles in question were carried out in a very rational and planned. Then if a real shortage of strategies and rational consideration of alternatives, rationing, backup, using various methods to manufacture, import more, or simply ignore it would be deployed. No need to assume that people who abuse somehow System: Why should they when the goods and services are offered free? In any case, it is reasonable to assume that a completely different mood prevailed in this new society would be completely socially sensitive, more humane, tolerant and far less polluted by selfishness and greed. The property is owned jointly, there would be no longer the huge armies of staff resources and heavy structures depleting dedicated to defending the rights of ownership or access to resources within and outside of each state, and obtains at present: I speak here of the police and army, while the judiciary, prisons, the arms industry, the myriad of agencies involved in the administration of property rights and claims, etc. Consequently, countless millions around the world would be attracted to a life of crime or end up in prison because of this career development. The reason for crime, war, terrorism, social conflict, and the fratricidal conflicts, among other factors, stress horrible feature of the modern world, simply not exist. People would be able to travel and settle wherever they wished, but the current economic and political conditions are forcing people to uproot and seek refuge in other parts of the world no longer exist, mass migration (not to mention the anguish and resentment among the auxiliary host population) is unlikely – Except in cases of natural disasters. Education would be radically different than it is today: to be free and not mandatory, it is expected that those who seek to continue their studies it enjoyable. The dark theme-oriented schools today, trying to mold children in industry and feed business would become a thing of the past. By once the art is really art, not cynically imposed on a passive population a way to turn a quick buck. The quality, in other words, is the watchword in every activity creative architecture and landscape design music, theater, film and writing. Technological innovation is no longer hindered by patents or interests invested, should accelerate, though in a controlled and socially responsible, and many of the heavier tasks of this enterprise may need to always be automated. Research particular medical (especially in areas that are currently being investigated – for example, Tropical medicine – because there is less of a financial incentive to do so) give priority to free humanity from the misery of illness and disease to the extent possible. Also, be carried out openly, in a coordinated fashion and not in the way that today's fragmented, with many research groups jealously guarding their findings for 'commercial reasons'. In this regard, and many others the establishment of world communism – or socialism – completely transforming the way we live. Life just would be incomparably more relaxed, pleasant, successful and happy. Almost everything is now called "evils" – if we could return to the language the President, for example – simply disappear, war, debugging ethnic, vandalism, theft, prostitution, pornography, drug pushing, extortion, nepotism, corruption, repression, the cynical manipulation the minds of financial gain, trafficking, slavery, starvation, poverty, unemployment, environmental destruction, waste of resources, man's creation media deliberately soulless and ugly just to name a few. And the reason is simply that each and every one of these phenomena has its origin in and with the support of the dispensation Current social society for how to organize this day. Money, in other words, what are all these evils. When humanity is ultimately decided embrace communism, then he should have crossed a threshold between barbarism and civilization.

I am absolutely not claim everything will be perfect in Communism: is reasonable to assume that after the resolution to embrace communism, humanity will have to live with everything from "The problems of transition" during several decades before things start to go well. And of course the controversial relationship between the individual and society will continue to require attention. In examining this relationship, political scientists sometimes refer to the concept of a "social contract". To be literal-minded about this, is, of course, a fiction, Another example of analogical thinking evil in which the individual and society are considered quasi-legal relationship with each party's obligation to another, or whose company is formed by the recruitment of another of the nature of society. Strictly speaking, as an analogy, that representation is not: there is no similar court or the presiding judge (unless God in heaven fits this description – but then it would penalize some companies hate that exist today, one wonders – Rhetoric) to vote on alleged violations of this contract, and it is absurd to interpret a contract has been negotiated at some time after the individual is obliged to act within the limits. Of course, that the notion of social contract is actually trying to convey is that litigants get all kinds of advantages of belonging a company, but this requires action within certain limitations, and contribute to society as well. However, what society places the individual and the extent that one in May to comply with social norms vary. In other words, we must consider the nature of the society in question to examine this relationship. Tensions at the interface between the individual and society may be inevitable: or may be compromised in all sorts of social arrangements. At one extreme, we find Can you live in a jungle of laissez-faire, when there is little or no social restrictions placed on individuals in their pursuit of wealth and hedonistic lifestyles, where law and order is minimal or applied as corrupt, where a "dog-eat-dog ethos' chairs, and where there is little attention Given the social ramifications – if the abduction implacable than was common resources, oppression poor, vulnerable and low pollution and environmental depredation, the creation of subcultures unpleasant, violent architecture and often politically illiterate, or loud and discordant urban environments. Such a society has no sense of communitarianism. However, the same thing can said of the extreme dystopia in which society allows the individual master, crushing all the flowering of individualism, enforced and total loyalty. This model fascist nightmare of a society based on an all-powerful. Interestingly, and somewhat ironically, the various elements of both models appear to coexist in many contemporary societies, China is the most notable example. Communism Moreover, while they can not completely eliminate the tension between individual and society, is probably the only way the company can reduce stress, as it would facilitate greater individual freedom possible in a harmonious social context.

People who never had the idea of communism, once usually respond with disbelief when they become familiar with it. Perhaps this is understandable: it is a profoundly revolutionary idea that puts into question many assumptions about human and deeply rooted in society. However, the reader may consider the following points which, though far from complete, it must prove that communism is in fact a viable proposition, and that the arguments for it are actually quite complex. In doing so, we must bear in mind that what I will say that the economic system of capitalism is now universal in that goods and services are produced mainly for sale for a profit (what is known as the production of raw materials), or the State or by private companies and where money, wages, and property among others, must be found. Capitalism can not assume, either in the form of private or state capitalism / laissez faire "– or, indeed, nothing in between. There is no such thing as state socialism or communism.

• One of the most compelling in favor of communism actually refer to what is known as saying "People". With the advent of communism, literally billions of people in the world would be relieved of that job – but essential for the functioning of modern society – is no longer necessary under communism: I already mentioned the millions participating in the defense of property rights or access to resources. But there are also many other people who share the same concerns as unproductive, such as banks, insurance, advertising, social security services, the Charities, personalized services, stock exchanges, payroll departments, agencies of the insolvency, pension providers, tax services, providers mortgages, to name a few. These occupations would not be necessary in a free society NEXUS money. Just as people are forced to take the lowly paid, unsatisfactory work behind a cash register, control meters, companies issuing parking tickets, child care facilities, working for the games gambling or lottery, sell their bodies for sex, acting as drug mules, ticketing, dedicated to scams, home business type of questionable pay other people running market stalls, barter destination bailiff, enforcement, and so on and so forth. And the unemployment forced inactivity, no doubt, another feature critical of capitalism would be a thing of the past as well. In short, it is reasonable to assume that most people around the world – particularly in developed countries, where workers are mainly employed in the services sector – could find their business obsolete. This does not count, even with the countless millions – especially in countries developing – are involved in low-tech hard "labor intensive work, such as laborious dismantling of ships, construction of dams – a bucket of time land. Most of this work can also be obsolete by mechanization and automation. Thus, this work was necessary to ensure the needs all are true is more spread among a large people.
• Speaking of work, sometimes it was said that people are not motivated to contribute to the production of goods and services in the communist society. But a little reflection has been jeopardized by this particular objection: First, it ignores dramatic sea "change" in social ethics, on the existing rules and values that accompany the introduction of communism, development necessarily caused by the revolution democracy with the inauguration of the new company. The division, cynicism, greed and cruelty performance is not necessarily to cohesion, social concern and altruism, because each set of attitudes is based on the modus operandi of capitalism and communism, respectively. It is inconceivable that the vast majority of people who voted in masse to a new lifestyle and all that that implies, would choose to sit back and adopt an attitude of "things, Jack – I'm not going to help, I will take." Second, Much of the negativity inform the attitude of workers for employment in today's society often stems not so much by the work itself, but the conditions that are employees, the hierarchical nature of the organizations they work for and, above all, forced labor in the first place. The theories of Karl Marx on alienation Workers are very illuminating in this regard. Thirdly, as I said, given that billions of people worldwide are employed in jobs that no longer exist in Communist society to more people, there would be many in conducting this work was necessary. Therefore, one could argue that only one or two working days per week is required of persons on average – taking into account factors such as the fact that many goods and services produced today – for materials, for example, cash registers, weapons, barriers or tickets – then it would be unnecessary, and that a communist society, always trying to automate all types of work considered too costly and risky. This is reasonable to assume that if people are less inclined to society part of their free time. It is even conceivable that there may be very little work socially useful available. Fourth, one could argue that people, far from being motivated to avoid work, in fact, have a natural aptitude for work, and participate at hard labor, which are suppressed in capitalism by unfavorable conditions of employment. Fifthly, it should be noted that even in these cynical times, millions of people worldwide participate in voluntary, despite capitalism, and that goes against the hypothesis that, under equal conditions, people are basically lazy and skip the opportunity to spend all his life on a sofa with a glass of tequila in his hand. I could go, but I'm sure the point was made.
• Many paragraphs back, I argued that materialism has become a kind of quasi-religion relentlessly promoted by the publicity of the nearly ubiquitous. The backdrop of constant visual auditory, olfactory, and even invite – a visit to your local supermarket are evidence of this – whether or subliminal "in your face" is to affect everyone. Otherwise, Why companies spend billions of dollars around the world to advertise? For those who buy, buy, buy, regardless of whether we really need products. They say the head does not know, the heart does not yearn. Under capitalism, the needs are artificially created or stimulated, which is wasteful in terms use of resources and potentially stressful to the extent that people may lack the means to meet those needs. Nothing exemplifies this better than the industry fashion, which could require, for example, that people connected to last season, it just will. This is a serious problem: In the UK, tons of discarded clothing ingested in landfills each year, which has an impact on global warming, among other things. So what is the advertising aimed at children, encouraging them to harass their parents for the latest fashion products. No wonder they grow up to become purchasing. And speaking of greed, which can be seen in capitalism is that – Especially among the rich, the State – is usually acquired through the acquisition of luxury goods. But there is an enormous amount of waste inherent in the charade of "maintaining the pace of the Plunkett-Pemberton ': Thus we have the obscene spectacle of the Tycoon archetype, with a fleet of luxury sports cars, many mansions – Each one of which contains enough rooms to accommodate the local homeless, and a trophy wife with a passion for shoes to rival that of Imelda Marcos. Not only these elements inevitably underused, but time and resources were devoted to their production that could have been spent more usefully in satisfaction the most urgent needs. I would say that in a communist society, the state, insofar as it was some kind of psychological effect of encouraging the emulation would be radically different nature: I could not imagine that the statute is the extent actually contributed to society with those of the most difficult and dangerous, given the highest condition. These attitudes which clearly serve the interests of the company is very good, and to social cohesion.
• Not only manipulate capitalism people to buy things they might not otherwise have considered buying, also sometimes required to follow the purchase of many items sometimes simply to ensure that these things do not last as long as they could. This is known as "built-in obsolescence and is a characteristic of all types of products, from automobiles to bulb simple light. Similarly, evil in general, as manufactured goods, for example, houses (including the cynically named "housing market"), which stems from a desire to reduce costs to the bone, also results in a short period of use. The result in both cases are more dissatisfaction waste customers. Waste in this context has to do with providing an unusable product and therefore must be prepared well in advance of what would be the case.
• For there are many other ways in which capitalism is a waste: Take, for example coins, a tendency to "modulise. What I mean is that instead of selling a product replacement on their own, manufacturers may have sold only one element of part of a larger unit or lot. While sometimes this can be easily replaced item, is equally likely to be motivated by a desire to deprive manufacturers of the customer more money. To the extent that the part that is specific to a particular brand of product, the manufacturer must halt nearly free to engage in this practice.
• But this is overshadowed by the waste inherent in a system in which each of the millions companies or businesses around the world are competing with many others in the production of goods and services included for a particular market. Why this waste? Well, just think for a moment the same amount of duplication inherent in the current configuration: You can get dozens of companies produce a good or service in a determined, each with its own facilities, personnel, management structure, and so on. Each will have a series of administrative and financial operations for conduct beyond the productive operations, which are simply not produced in a socialist-communist society, as meetings of shareholders, financial audits, operation of the compensation department, marketing strategies in security measures and business performance. The latter is particularly notable: the Large companies like Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola departments spend literally billions of marketing dollars trying to outdo each other on the market and have extensive dedicated to this goal. About the duplication, can also be instructive to examine the result of an attempt crazy conservative government Prior to the NHS in the UK more "efficient" a few years ago, has broken into hundreds of autonomous institutions and trusts. The result was a sharp increase in administrative staff compared with the clinical staff, as each must have confidence their own finance department, its own Department of States ", his own department for compensation, and so on – in fact, the economy the madhouse! In capitalism, is often the If the presence of many companies competing to sell products, which is often much more than the market can support. Therefore, it can be a significant number of these companies operate within the capabilities of the time. In fact, some may be going to the wall, driven by big players. The low use or non-use funds of this amount relates to waste. Like the fact that a large number of small companies generally charge the costs proportionately greater things such as heating and electricity and have to pay for services that otherwise could be achieved in-house lack economies of "scale".
• The fact also that competing products are often delivered at great distances is another example of waste, while being harmful to the environment. Is it really a need for New Zealand butter stacked with English butter in supermarkets in the UK, while the European Community, once had to revise down the butter mountain is notorious.
• This "butter mountain" in fact, illustrates another type found terrible waste under capitalism: waste generated by overproduction. May as the market found that the same factories, offices, mines and farms are no longer economically viable and must be removed from the committee may also determine that the goods and services of these facilities are "surplus" and must be discarded. We see the cycles in the business press that capitalism dam, which occur largely because capitalism has an objective.
• Other ways in which waste can be generated. For example, companies tend to do everything possible to improve the aesthetic appearance, and therefore the "commerciality" of their products, without necessarily improve the quality of the latter, and this may result in wasteful quantities of waste. Tristram Stuart, in his recent book, "waste, discovery Scandal world food waste, claims, for example, that 25% of fruits and vegetables produced in the UK is wasted in the production process, while simply because they do not look the right shape, color or size. The flavor and nutritional value are irrelevant. On the issue of wasting food in general – both by consumers and food industry – it was felt that what the United States alone wastes each year is twice that required to adequately feed the 923 million undernourished people in the world (now The Independent, 9 July 2009, p.9)

• The set of laws and international agreements governing trade in all kinds of activities worldwide economic growth also creates an enormous amount of waste for a number of criteria. These laws and trade agreements exist simply to impose a semblance order and the ferocious greed brake different nation-states in competition for scarce natural resources, trade routes, access to markets, and so on. As such, no use at all in a communist society world-wide. But in today's world, these laws and trade agreements require large armies of bureaucrats and other administration officials and police themselves, these functions require the development of control operations that require too much in the way of resources and personnel. Is that these regulations are absent, of course, is perfectly conceivable that the conflicts in the world can become any number of wars. However, these laws and trade agreements can lead to strange consequences, This led some to undermine them. Let me cite some examples: It is estimated that due to the common fisheries policy of the European Union, something in the region of 40 to 50 percent of fish caught by trawlers in the EU are dumped into the Dead Sea (The Independent, ibid). Touching my previous point, the EU also has fairly strict rules regarding the occurrence of 10 types of fruits and vegetables, which together account for about three quarters of all fresh produce sold in the EU. As explained above, the effect of these laws is the creation of waste from a number of production is considered unfit for sale – only for aesthetic reasons. Indeed, it is no coincidence that these regulations serve big agribusiness to the western property the detriment of Third World farmers.
• The tendency to reduce the costs of capitalist production is another thing that leads to all sorts of other problems, such Perhaps the most notorious of which affects the health and safety. Thus there is aircraft crashed due to lack of proper maintenance, or the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (sic) in the United Kingdom's decision that certain forms of treatment are not a "value for money" and therefore can not be prescribed, although their effectiveness in many cases. Docufilm Michael Moore's "Sicko" highlights how a single purpose capitalism is when it comes to money. In this study, which reveals the health care system in the U.S., shows how the richest countries in the world can be inhumane when treating the sick and wounded. The uninsured health are often desperate situations. As the man who lost two fingers in an accident and is facing a bill of $ 60,000 to sew one of them again and $ 12,000 for another. Well, it's not – think about it more expensive finger end up in landfills. But even those who do not pay insurance and are in need of medicine treatment are often faced with an inquisition by HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) staff, whose sole purpose, I repeat, the only purpose is trying to reject treatment (which. in the case of staff with medical qualifications, seem to be in violation of the Hippocratic oath). This is confirmed by the fact that its remuneration is subject to the percentage of refusals they manage to deliver. The film depicts the harrowing case of a man with kidney cancer the doctor had recommended a particular treatment. His wife met with representatives of the insurance company and asked them to provide funds for treatment. But consider that the treatment is "experimental" and rejected it. In three weeks the man was dead. Besides the fact that there may have been an element racist in its deliberations – that the man was black and white of his wife – pure psychopathic contempt for anything the bar of the margins of the non-profit company without words. This thinking is anathema bounded for a socialist society, who really need it, rather than financial criteria to determine if something has occurred or are available. The cost reduction can affect the quality of life in many other ways. Take, for example, provision of services to poor communities rural post offices for the bus. Underlying this, of course, are the transportation costs associated with greater maintenance of rural communities, and the fact that this urban market is more lucrative for suppliers. Who can forget the practice of collecting enterprises cherries bus deregulation in the Thatcher years (which persist in many large cities, eg Manchester) when the bus arrived in two or three at the most popular (and shorter), while urban route that rural services have been reduced. Obviously, the calculation of financial services such events never happen in a society dedicated to the satisfaction needs, rather than maximize profits.
• About a year ago, there was little media interest in the subject of infringing goods, or counterfeit worrying Channel Four series called "The trade in fake" is a good example. Not the fake Prada bags and Rolex watches for me though Visits counterfeit luxury items, obviously, such "self" and encourages manufacturers have gun crime and terrorism, consumer surveys, in fact, showed that many and in some countries – the United States, of all places, for example – most people do not oppose the purchase of certain types of articles infringing activity and has even acquired an emotion in fashion. But what really should scare us most is the falsification of some type items, drugs are a perfect example. Statistics from the beggar belief: It is estimated that something like one million Africans die every year through purchase of counterfeit medicines. Let's be clear: what happens here: tablets, capsules, ampoules, etc., packaged in a convincing manner, but with little or deliberately no therapeutic value, are sold by retailers, or sometimes without their knowledge by "respectable" outlets, with people – the vast majority of They are overwhelmingly poor – ranging in the hope that the diseases affecting them or their relatives Finally, we can address. But of course none of this happens, and those poor souls to deteriorate. In the case of antibiotics, which some, but not sufficient, it can be dangerous because it can induce resistance (and also lead to stronger strains of bacteria). With a disease like malaria, delay in receiving effective drugs can be critical. No wonder that one-fifth of that of millions of deaths a year caused by malaria in the world can be directly attributed to the use of anti-counterfeit antimalarial medicines. In the developing world, the incidence of ranges of counterfeit medicines from 10% to 50% or more in some countries. But this is only a problem in the world Developing: In Russia, it is estimated that 10% of medicines are fake, and here in the UK, anti-statin, for example, have recently infiltrated the supply chain. Here, indeed, we see the black heart of the boundless greed of capitalism and contempt for everything else. One of the collaborators over Channel Four program was of the view that capitalism is really needed to conserve and manage the anarchy and chaos would ensue. But this is not the point: capitalism, like a mad dog with an insatiable desire to sink his teeth into someone, you can no doubt be released (or, put another way, we can certainly try to save capitalism from itself). But even with the brake of the most rigorous, would always seek to minimize costs and maximize profits. These other weaknesses that I mentioned earlier – the production of cheap, integrated in obsolescence, and so on – are actually one piece with the manufacture of counterfeits: You might want to think more in terms of continued dysfunction 'here. Moreover, these companies or countries trying to act responsibly and fairly, taking into account the environment and their workers are at a disadvantage in the barbarian world of commerce, like the British slave owner in the lobby 19c argued that freeing slaves would give the French commercial advantage ignoble. The irony of the situation with the production of counterfeits is the main culprit was none other than the fingers of the worker's paradise, the "popular" (sic) Republic of China. Here we are at the Pan capitalism really fascist, can not hide the problem. China should stand as a state of "Communist" Orwellian fiction tends to be ignored or lip interviewed by hacks of capitalism in the "free world" (again, sic) for reasons of cynical, no doubt, amounts due to the slaughter. It is estimated that something like 15-20% of products manufactured in China are counterfeit, and China is a major supplier of counterfeit medicines — despite some indifferent official attempts to stop production of it. Chinese workers are victims of this iniquitous industry, both as wage slaves badly paid and thousands die each year from taking these drugs inappropriately. The Chinese government allows its bourgeois masters much room to grind their workers, despite the reputation cycle that has to deal with non-believers, or those who go too far in its pursuit of profit.

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